导航定位学报

针对传统多星近似等高法依赖固定等高圈、天区信息利用率低且易陷入局部最优的问题，提出基于图像全站仪的大天区天文定位方法：通过构建广域恒星观测网络，突破固定等高圈局限并将观测目标从局部邻域拓展至广域天区；然后，推导适配大天区的多星测高模型，设计自动观测策略并融合时间序列下多高度角、多方位角恒星的几何约束信息。实验结果表明：该方法测量稳定性强，经度标准偏差为0.005～0.020 s，纬度标准偏差为0.080"～0.230"；与高等级天文控制点相比，其经度最大测量差0.060 s、平均绝对差0.022 s、均方根误差0.024 s，纬度最大差0.420″、平均绝对差0.145"、均方根偏差0.185"，能够为复杂观测条件下的高精度天文定位提供参考。

Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of celestial information and proneness to falling into local optimal solutions in the traditional multi-star approximate equal-altitude method， which relies on fixed equal-altitude circles， the paper proposed a wide celestial area astronomical positioning method based on an image total station: by constructing a wide-area stellar observation network， the limitations of traditional observation ranges were broken through， and the observation targets were expanded from local neighborhoods to a wide celestial area; then， a multi-star height measurement model suitable for wide celestial area expansion was derived， an automatic observation strategy was designed， and the geometric constraint information of stars with multiple altitude angles and multiple azimuth angles in the time series was integrated. Experimental results showed that the proposed method would have strong measurement stability， with a longitude standard deviation of 0.005～0.020 s and a latitude standard deviation of 0.080"～0.230"; compared with high-level astronomical control points， its maximum longitude measurement difference would be 0.060 s， average absolute difference 0.022 s， root mean square error 0.024 s， maximum latitude difference 0.420"， average absolute difference 0.145"， root mean square deviation 0.185"， providing a reference for high-precision astronomical positioning under complex observation conditions.